First exhibited in Paris in 1806, Les Sauvages de la Mer Pacifique (Native Peoples of the Pacific Ocean) is believed to be one of the first panoramic wallpapers ever created. Designed by Jean-Gabriel Charvet (1750–1829) and manufactured in Mâcon, France, by Joseph Dufour (1757–1827), this work was the first successful scenic wallpaper of the nineteenth century, sparking a fashion for this large-scale form of luxury decoration. The wallpaper’s subject appealed to the growing European taste for a perceived idyllic way of life in the South Pacific, aiding in its popularity.

The twenty panels that comprise the work depict the three voyages of British naval captain James Cook (1728–1779) to the Pacific, which he undertook from 1768 until his death in Hawai‘i. Charvet based his designs for the wallpaper on drawings and watercolors made for scientific purposes by Cook’s shipboard artists, William Hodges (1744–1797) and John Webber (1751–1793).

However, the wallpaper representations are anything but geographically and historically accurate. Dufour explains that they were designed with “artistic license...to please the eye and to excite the imagination.” For example, the designer freely interpreted the documentary drawings of Pacific Islanders’ attire, deriving inspiration from classical antiquity as well as fashions of the French Empire period.

Les Sauvages de la Mer Pacifique’s success spread to America, where it became highly prized for interior decoration. The Fine Arts Museums’ own set of eighteen wallpaper panels was purchased from the Dodge family of Gorham, Maine, in 1977, under the belief that the panels were never hung in the Dodges’ house but rather stored until the Museums’ purchase. Because of limited light exposure, the panels’ colors remain remarkably brilliant. Reproductions of the two missing panels were commissioned by the Museums after their acquisition and painted by artist Garth Benton. The complete series is concurrently on view with artist Lisa Reihana’s installation in Pursuit of Venus [infected], at the de Young through January 5, 2020.

Text by Martin Chapman, Interim Curator in Charge, European Art; and Eve Rosekind, Curatorial Assistant, European Decorative Arts and Sculpture